The Vegetarian Diet - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2016 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/02/12 Category Health Essay Level High school Tags: Diet Essay Did you like this example? Today’s society views veganism as â€Å"negative.† There is a constant struggle between vegans and people who despise them. Individuals dislike vegetarians and vegans because of their opposing view on the food practices of most of the society. The non-vegetarian individuals believe that these practices are a very important aspect of what makes up their social identity. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Vegetarian Diet" essay for you Create order When one views this constant struggle between vegetarians and non-vegetarians, it somewhat portrays the ongoing debate about feminism. This is because in both situations, the vegetarians and the feminists both seem to be on the more logical side of the debate. We do not need to get into the debate about feminism, but we know that vegetarians and their diets, also known as a plant-based diet, seem to have no negative effects whatsoever. If we dig down deeper into why a plant-based diet is more beneficial than any other type of diet, we find that this diet prevents many different diseases and illnesses. The diet, if done right, also benefits local agriculture and the many small businesses that are not government-sponsored. This diet can also benefit the environment much more than humans think. Of course, one of the older reasons for switching to a vegan diet deals with the ethical side of the debate. There are a lot of humans in the world that do not think that animals deserve to be physically and emotionally harmed for food. But humans have been questioning whether we as are supposed to be killing animals for food for a long time now. All said, the health side is no doubt the most important reason for why one should go vegan. According to nutritionist Michael F. Jacobson, at least one of every sixth deaths in the United States are caused by the poor dietary lifestyle of us humans. The average American citizen is more likely to die from a disease related to their diet and not getting enough physical activity than from smoking tobacco, homicides, and car accidents. The list goes on, but what exactly are these dietary â€Å"diseases?† Some of the major ones are different types of cancers, diabetes, heart diseases, and strokes. And how do we even know that this is true? Well, there has been research that proves that the consumption of meat and dairy products are critical â€Å"causes of chronic diseases† (Jacobson 21). There have also been studies showing that vegetarians live longer and are â€Å"less prone† to chronic diseases. Regarding the debate between vegetarians and non-vegetarians, who is morally right here? Sure, meat is good, but the long-term risks of consuming meat ar e just not worth consuming it regularly. There is a numerous amount of studies that meat-eaters are â€Å"more susceptible to heart disease† alone (Petter). Yes, it’s fine to have meat occasionally, but consuming it daily can lead to some health problems. As for people who have a diet mostly made up from meat, it doesn’t go quite well. For example, if someone were to just eat cooked meat, they would be lacking vitamin C. The only way to receive vitamin C from meat is by eating it raw. Doing this may increase vitamin C, which is good, but it would significantly increase one’s risk for bacterial diseases, depending on how fresh the meat is, of course. A sufficient way for us humans to gain a good amount of vitamin C to keep us healthy is by eating citrus fruits and certain vegetables (Bowler). As Daniel Dombrowski states, the moral reason for not eating animals â€Å"held sway† for about a millennium, with a reemergence in the late 1960s/early 1970s. But this reemergence has sparked an ongoing contemporary debate regarding vegetarianism in the forms of â€Å"scholarly books and articles.† Anti-vegetarianism also dates to the days of when the bible was written. There are certain books from the bible that reference vegetarianism, with some actually â€Å"condemning† vegetarianism. In Genesis 9:3, after the Flood that destroyed all plant life, it was said that â€Å"Every creature that lives and moves shall be food for† humans. In a way, this seems to be opposing the practice of vegetarianism itself. All the research conducted by vegetarians over the years relating to vegetarian diets all seem to have â€Å"unconscious bias.† This is because every human has their own set of beliefs, and those beliefs make their research (more scientif ically) unwise. But that does not necessarily mean that all research regarding vegetarianism is not credible (Why I Am Not a Vegetarian). So, when exactly did people start to think a vegetarian diet was better for the body? Well, if we observe the origin of a plant-based diet, we find that it dates to 1500-500 B.C. where the Indo-Aryans who inhabited present-day India â€Å"encouraged vegetarianism due to religious reasons.† Various famous individuals such as Pythagoras and Leonardo da Vinci also refrained from eating meat (Blumenfeld). A century after Pythagoras’ existence, vegetarianism was linked to his name along with the contemporary debate. Pythagorean vegetarianism was founded on multiple principles, but the most important and interesting one is the religious term â€Å"transmigration.† According to the Oxford English Dictionary, transmigration means â€Å"Passage of the soul at death into another body.† Pythagoreans believed that animals possessed souls that either have been or will be in a human body. In fact, he was so confident in his belief in transmigration, he admitted h is own preexistence multiple times. But along with this belief in transmigration, problems arose, such as the question â€Å"if plants have souls like animals do, what are we to eat?† (Dombrowski 35). Pythagoras also considered beans to be very â€Å"dangerous to one’s health.† Along with his dislike for beans, came his dislike for meats. He considered both foods to encourage drowsiness, which was not what he wanted since he believed that too much sleep was â€Å"unhealthy† (Dombrowski 44). Over two thousand years after Pythagoras’ existence, those who refrained from eating meat were referred to as â€Å"Pythagoreans,† hence the term â€Å"Pythagorean vegetarianism† mentioned earlier. Centuries after Pythagoras’ existence, what is still known today as the â€Å"Vegetarian Society† was founded in Great Britain in the mid-1800s (Blumenfeld). This society is responsible for coining the term â€Å"vegetarian† from the Latin word vegetus, which signifies â€Å"sound, whole, vital† officially in 1847 (Kellman 87). The organization is still going strong today, offering education and cooking classes to families as well as trying to influence future legislation regarding education relating to plant-based diets. In the early 20th century, Upton Sinclair spent his life experimenting with various diets such as only eating meat and going completely vegetarian for long periods of time. This then led to the published the famous novel â€Å"The Jungle† which had the original intent of solely exposing the â€Å"harsh conditions† of immigrant populations in the United States. But it became more recognized for exposing the major meat in dustries instead. As the U.S. troops were fighting in World War I, the FDA encouraged â€Å"Meatless Mondays† for the sole purpose of conserving meat supplies for the U.S. troops. However, this was not a campaign to make anyone go vegetarian, notice how the only purpose was to save meat products for the soldiers fighting across the seas. This campaign rose again when World War II came around three decades later, with the same intentions. After World War II, vegetarianism became very popular in the United States through the counterculture movement. The main goal of the vegetarian-aspect of the movement was to â€Å"promote social and environmental justice.† The term â€Å"Meatless Monday† however returned in 2003 when the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health called for an initiative to reduce saturated fat in the American diet. This initiative was different because it tried to focus on the health and physical wellbeing of humans (Blumenfeld). S ince then, the vegetarian movement has grown significantly through the research and the support of its members. A tough question posed upon us humans today is â€Å"why do we still eat meat?† Most of the people who constantly eat meat will respond to that question saying, â€Å"I eat meat because I like it.† But saying that is like saying â€Å"I smoke cigarettes because I like them.† Because like cigarettes, meat is addicting. Some people just do not realize it. We know of the negative effects of eating meat along with the physical harm it can cause to our bodies. But we continue to consume it. Previous studies have shown that about 35 percent of individuals who switch to a vegetarian diet do so because of health reasons. An important factor regarding susceptibility to certain diseases is age. The older someone is, the more health problems they will face if they continue to eat meat. There are so many elements in meat that are considered harmful to the human body. Some examples are pesticide residues, pathogens, cholesterol, saturated fats, and hormones, just to name a few (Ion 354). Although the exposure to pesticides is very miniscule and its effects may be very rare, there is a greater risk of long-term exposure to these pesticides that may lead to diseases such as cancer or an impaired immune system. In a 2001 study, 181 million out of the 511 million pounds of pesticides were used on the crops that livestock consume. These pesticides are used for controlling weeds, insects, and fungi on crops. There are many different types of pesticides, but they are known to cause tumors in laboratory animals. This raises concern for a large risk on cancer for us humans (Jacobson 53). Perhaps on the other side of all things, the animal rights group known as People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, or PETA, are taking a slightly different approach rather than just using statistics to promote a healthy vegetarian lifestyle. There are a lot of common sayings in this world that include â€Å"anti-animal language,† according to PETA. They have taken initiative to change these sayings to be more animal friendly. For example, the term â€Å"bring home the bacon† does not sit well with PETA. They believe it should be â€Å"bring home the bagels† (Gugliotta). Could this mean that they are taking it too far? It all seems unnecessary, because surely no one means any sort of harm against animals by using these sayings. If PETA really were trying to promote the safety and welfare of animals and a healthy vegetarian lifestyle, they would be doing beneficial research such as the research that nutritionists do, and not trying to change common sayin gs common in our culture today. If such a big nonprofit organization that has a lot of voice and influence, that influence can be committed to changing people’s diets and in the end their lifestyles. They are trying to work backwards and changing people’s lifestyles before they think about changing their diets, which is the more important issue. Diet is more important than lifestyle because it is essential to all humans every day. And a positive change in diet can lead to a positive change in the lifestyle of anyone. To recap, the effects of switching to a plant-based diet are overwhelmingly beneficial. Not only would we improve the healthiness of ourselves, but we would also improve the healthiness of the environment. The meat and dairy industries have spent billions of dollars on advertising their products, and it has been successful. But we cannot continue to listen to them if we want to change ourselves. The changes can be small or large, but there are so many ways to change an individual’s diet. The concept of nutrition seems complex, but it is quite simple. Diets should be based on fruits, vegetables, beans, whole grains, and healthy oils. Substances such as refined sugars, salt, white flour, and basically anything with preservatives in it should be avoided. If one wants to continue to eat animal products, make sure they are produced locally and humanely treated, along with making sure the animals are grass-fed only. After switching to a plant-based diet, one will see positi ve differences in their energy levels, sleep, strength, mood, and mental health. In the end, whether the reason why a person changes their diet is health, moral, or environmental, everybody wins.

My Dream Job Nursing - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1620 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/02/20 Category Career Essay Level High school Tags: My Dream Job Essay Did you like this example? Abstract One of the most important decisions someone can make in their lifetime is what they are going to be when they grow up. From sun up to sun down, week after week, a job will consume a majority of the time a person spends in their lifetime. In some cases this might sound unpleasant, but in some it might sound exciting, especially in situations where that person is living their dream. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "My Dream Job: Nursing" essay for you Create order A dream job is one that fulfills all expectations and that allows someone to do what they love until they are done. A dream job can be big or little and can affect others or not. A dream job is one that pushes limits and makes someone happy day after day. Dream Job A big part of my life has been spent deciding on the career path I will take. Whether this path be medicine or not, it is an important decision that requires a lot of thinking and realization. The big question for me was never â€Å"healthcare field or not?† it was â€Å"what career in the healthcare field?†. At first, I chose Physical Therapy, and then I wanted to be a Pediatrician or a Family Doctor. As I got older I put into perspective the expectations and hours of schooling being a doctor required. I learned more about nursing while looking into careers, and it stuck with me. Being a registered nurse is something I am passionate about now and will continue to be passionate about for the rest of my life, and is also a career that I will be able to excel at with both my knowledge and social skills. The environment of a hospital excites me and will allow me to connect with doctors, other nurses and coworkers, as well as patients in need of help. I hope to work in a ho spital one day that gives me these opportunities. Registered Nurse Training and Educational Requirements The purpose of education and training for employment positions is to ready you for the years of work you are about to endure. Nursing school along with any medical school can be tough and have requirements that prepare you to properly care for a patient with confidence and skill. To become a Registered Nurse, a student must receive an associate’s or bachelor’s degree from a state approved nursing school. These schools can be community colleges or private universities all with different course requirements and different costs. Ranging from $40,000 to $100,000 or $3,000 to $14,000 at local community colleges, nursing school can put a huge dent in your wallet (America, I). Although expensive, nursing schools have financial aid options for students who qualify for certain scholarships. As well as graduating from nursing school you must also be licensed, which has its own list of requirements as well. A license can be obtained by graduating from nursing school and passing a national licensure examination (Fulton, D). Nursing school requires students to pass classes and labs that focus on exploring the human anatomy and preparing the students to know and understand the different systems, functions, and sections of the body and everything that it entails. Along with classroom and lab criteria, nursing schools pair with local hospitals and clinical sites that allow the students to interact with and learn from doctors and nurses. These opportunities will give an insight as to what tasks and training goes into working in a hospital or office setting. Employment opportunities after school are easier to find because of the high demand for nurses. With more patients using home healthcare, hospice care, hospitals in general, and family doctor’s offices, the need for nurses will spike by 2022 and will lead to many opportunities for nursing school graduates (Dusseault, W). Once employed, on the job training will be provided to the employees that satisfy th e needs and expectations of the setting in which you are working in. This training will give you a better look into the many duties you will hold as an employee. Main Elements Working in hospitals and in outpatient offices require a nurse to provide hands-on care to patients along with performing diagnostic tests and analyzing the results, operating and monitoring medical equipment, and administering patient medication and treatments (Fulton, D) followed by many more. The many duties given on a day to day basis is the reasoning behind the heavy workload nurses have. The nursing profession requires a lot of changing and stepping out of your comfort zone to accommodate a patient. In my interview with a registered nurse, she explained that if you are not okay with change then the nursing career is not for you. I think that staying on my toes each day and staying busy with the list of duties expected from me, that I will enjoy this career path for as long as I am working. These tasks that I will have as a nurse are taught to me to understand and to be confident in, as well as be able to succeed at and enjoy. Location and Hours A job as a nurse can take you anywhere and allow you to work anywhere in the world. From big cities with a population of 200,000 to small towns with a population of 10,000, registered nurses are employed in hospitals, public community settings, ambulatory care settings, nursing homes, extended care facilities (Spratley, E.) and the list goes on. This is a broad spectrum allowing any location to have multiple job opportunities and allowing me to choose where I would like to live. Along with the flexible location, this career allows a flexible hour schedule. Nursing provides full-time and part-time working options as well as allowing flexible hours. With the vast amount of nurses employed, hospitals and other nursing locations allow you to pick the days you work, whether they be consecutive or spread out. Starting out most nurses work over night shifts of 12 hours, 3 nights a week. Nurses who work during the day can still have those 12 hour day shifts or split them up into 5, 8 hour da ys (Nursing Hours). Even if not on schedule nurses are called to work in emergency situations and are on call at least one night a week. When situations like this happen, nurses will go into over-time hours and are payed for it. These flexible options in hours and scheduling will allow me to have as much freedom as I please and even allow me or my coworkers to have other jobs at the same time (Nursing Hours). Salary and Pressures No matter the job, my goal in finding my dream job is to make enough money to be comfortable and be able to provide for myself and my family. As a nurse, a plus side is the amount of money you can potentially earn. Starting out, a graduate student can earn $28,000-$50,000 a year, and that will increase over the years as you gain experience or possibly specialize in a certain area of the healthcare field (Registered). This amount of money would satisfy my needs and will allow me to provide for me and my future family, which is another reason that all of the hard work will be worth it. This career is going to offer me many ups and downs, which is nerve wrecking but exciting. Nursing can take a toll on you and can be stressful in certain situations. It will push me to my limits. I know that I can handle these situations, and I know that training and understanding the steps for taking care of patients will allow me to be more confident in this. I think that this job will offer me differe nt opportunities each day that will keep it interesting for the many years ahead of me. In choosing this job, I think that my future employer will choose me for this line of work because I am tough, I am able to communicate effectively, I learn from mistakes and I truly believe that I have what it takes to be a nurse. Use of Health Promotion Most all diseases can be fixed with healthier habits, such as a healthier diet or more activity which is why health promotion is a big part of the job no matter which health care position you hold. Health promotion is used by nurses to educate the community on how to recognize signs and symptoms of diseases, managing health conditions, advising, and emotionally supporting patients and their families (Fulton, D). Nurses are the first and last person a patient interacts with when they are sick, making the use of health promotion extremely important in conversations and meetings. Screenings, diagnosing, and advising treatment are all promoting health and strategies to maximize optimal health outcomes (Nurses role). Nursing school programs are strong in teaching critical promoting techniques that allow patients to understand risks and the importance of practicing and living healthier lifestyles. Not only will I be able to teach patients but I will be able to take my own advise on living a healthier lifestyle. References 18, 2. N. (2013, November 18). Nursing Hours: How Long Do Nurses Work? Retrieved November 8, 2018, from https://www.fortis.edu/blog/nursing/nursing-hours-how-long-do-nurses-work/id/2945 America, I. (2018, November 07). How Much Does Nursing School Cost? Retrieved from https://www.imagine-america.org/much-nursing-school-cost/ Dusseault, W. (2014, August 15). Retrieved from https://www.crosscountrytravcorps.com/news/4-reasons-nursing-jobs-are-in-high-demand Fulton, D. (2016). Introduction to Health Promotions Health Professions. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall Hunt Publishing Company. Registered Nurse Salary | RN Salary, Pay, Wages, and Income in Registered Nursing. (2018, September 04). Retrieved from https://www.registerednursern.com/registered-nurse-rn-salary-wages-and-income-of-registered-nurses/ Spratley, E., Johnson, A., Sochalski, J., Fritz, M., Spencer, W. (2000). The registered nurse population. Retrieved January, 2, 2005. What Is the Nurses Role in Health Promotion? | PNW Onli ne (2017, September 11). Retreived from https://nursingonline.pnw.edu/articles/nurses-role-in-health-promotion.aspx

Business Types And Advantages Within The Music Industry

In this section I will be assessing different business types and the advantages and disadvantages within the music industry. the business types I will be researching are sole proprietorship, partnership, corporations and limited liability company. Sole Proprietorship Most small businesses tend to start out as sole proprietorships. These companies are owned by one person. This individual normally has the day-to-day responsibility for running the business. Sole proprietors own all the assets of the business and all the profits generated by it. They are also completely responsibility for any of its liabilities and debts. In the eyes of the law, you and the business are one entity. The advantages of a sole†¦show more content†¦If looking for someone to invest money or be part of your business you may struggle to find people with vast knowledge of the industry you are in as it may feel like to much of a risk for them. Employee benefits such as owner’s medical insurance premiums are not directly deductible from business in (only partially as an adjustment to income). If you earn  £20.000 in one year 10,000 of this is taxable (depending on current pre tax earnings) Conclusion In conclusion if you are confident in your business and you don t mind the risks the sole proprietorship is by far the easiest way to set up a business. I know a few people that do this and they have said that it is best to always run within their means, which in a way is a good way of doing things. However it does not leave room for you to make your business grow Partnership A partnership, Consists of two or more people who share the ownership of a single business. Like in a proprietorship, the law does not distinguish between the business and its owners. The Partners should have a prearranged agreement of how decisions will be made for their company, the profits will be shared, how disputes will be resolved, how new partners will be brought into the partnership, how partners can be bought out, or what steps will be taken to dissolve the partnership when needed. Although it sounds silly thinking about dissolving the company before its started, many companies break up in times of

Mineral Business Exploration Services Responsebilities

Question: Discuss about the Mineral Business Exploration Services Responsebilities. Answer: Introduction The report is about the roles and responsibilities of a financial analyst at Antipodes Mineral Resources company. The company has asked all the applicants to answer the key questions related to the job profile so that they know that the applicants have a clear understanding of the role they have applied for. 1. The types of investment that takes place in a minerals company are Greenfield exploration projects, Brownfield exploration projects and Grassroot exploration projects. This kind of classification is based on the fact that there was mining done by any team in the past. In Greenfield projects, there is no exploration done previously and the companies depending on prediction starts mining in a particular territory. In case of Brownfield exploration projects, mining companies start exploration in areas near to already existing mines. They use existing data to collect estimate the deposits. The risk is also lower in this case. In case of Grassroot exploration projects, the geologist spends time and money in finding areas to be suitable for mining and based on the research, the mining companies start exploration. The major investment by a mining company is in procurement of mining location, infrastructure and mining equipment and Human capital. The mining companies spend huge amount of money to get the sites for exploration and based on the potential of the areas, they make huge investments. Secondly the company has to invest in infrastructure development at the mining sites so that the minerals extracted can be easily stored and transported for processing. The companies also has to invest huge amount of money for heavy machinery and depending up on the capacity of the ores, the company purchases equipment so that they can extract optimally. Also the company has to invest in the human resources and provide them proper trainings to ensure their safety and health. The company has to provide each employee with safety equipment and gears to help them in mining. (Snoeks, 2009) 2. CFO or Chief Financial Officer of the company is responsible for financial planning of the company and managing the financial risk of the company due to various changes in the environment the company is operating in. He is a very important entity in the organization and helps the company in taking major financial decisions which can impact the organization and the investments of the shareholders. The major activities undertaken in the office of the CFO are Preparing of the financial statements, business reports and forecasts for the next financial year: The CFOs office is responsible for preparing the income statement, balance sheet and cash flow statement for the shareholders so that they can understand the financial health of the company and compare them with industry average to understand the performance of the company with respect to its competitors. This helps the investors to understand the risk the company is involved in and help them and deciding if they want to continue with their investment or reduce their investment. The financial statement also helps the companys management them to understand the impact of the decisions they took in the last financial year and if the decisions results were as expected. It help them in planning their future activities with better clarity about the market and their products. The CFOs office is responsible for preparing the forecasts for the next year and help the companys owners understand the planning for the next year. It also helps them take different possibilities in to account and be prepared for each case. Dedicate resources and help in decision making: The CFOs office is responsible for dedicating the funds to various departments and help hem set their targets and objectives for the next financial year. The team takes in to account the priorities of each department and collates all the data and then distributes the resources to maximize the profits for the company and help each department meet its goals and targets. Managing the Financial risk: The CFOs office is also responsible for managing the financial risk the company has and try to reduce it. They can make changes in the debt to equity ratio of the company to reduce the risk and make changes as per the industry trends to maximize benefits for the company. The office can also dispose off any asset which is not performing well and invest in modern technologies which can help the company grow faster. The office also analyses the risk involved in each of the project and decides whether they should go ahead with the project or drop it based on the risk assessed. (Biery, 2015) Thus it can be seen that the activities undertaken in the office of the CFO are very important and without proper functioning of CFOs office it will be difficult for the company to run smoothly. 3. While managing the finances of a publically listed company, the financial managers must be very cautious about the effect of their decisions on the returns of the shareholders. In a publically listed company, the public has invested in a company and are owners of the company who have given the managers to work for their interests. Thus it is the role of every manager to ensure that the return to the investment made by the people is not affected in any sort of negative manner and work for the betterment of the company and its stakeholders at large. The management should keep the public informed of the various activities they are planning to conduct and the possible risk involved in every decision they take and must have a consent of the people before making any major changes in the company. The shareholders can be informed via annual meetings or annual reports and must be continuously involved in the decision making process. Also the management should be accountable for all the decisions and they must avoid any personal interest or conflict while taking decisions for the company. The management should work with the objective of maximizing the profit for shareholders while keeping in consideration all the stakeholders and then taking the decisions for the company. (Grimsley, 2001) 4. Apart from the responsibilities towards the shareholders, the Antipodes Mineral Resources Company (AMR) is also responsible towards all the stakeholders of the company. According to stakeholders theory, all people who are affected by the presence of the organization are the stakeholders of the company. The stakeholders can be classified in to internal stakeholders and external stakeholders. The employees, managers and owners of the company form a part of the internal stakeholders whereas the customers, suppliers, society, government and creditors form a part of the external stakeholders. The company is responsible to all of these people because due to the presence of the company each of them ae affected in one way or the other and it is the responsibility of the company to take them in to account while taking any decision. The Antipodes Mineral Resources Company (AMR) is responsible for maximizing the profits of the shareholders. But if the company does not take in to account all stakeholders it will not be possible for them to earn profit in the long run. The company must also try to minimize the wastes and reduce pollution due to its presence to help in prosperity of the society otherwise the people of the society will have to force shut down the company for making the society uninhabitable. The company must earn customer loyalty by providing the quality and affordable price of the product and must work in favors of the suppliers to have continuous supply of raw materials and labor whenever it needs. This will also help company in having a competitive edge over the others and sustain in this competitive world. (Jensen, 2001) Thus being responsible to all the stakeholders, the company can help the shareholders maximize their profits and help in the development of the society. A. Given, The cash flow of the company RWE for the next 10 years is given below Year Cash flow 0 -3000000 1 700000 2 700000 3 700000 4 700000 5 -1300000 6 700000 7 700000 8 700000 9 700000 10 900000 The discount rate is 10% We know, NPV or net present value of a project is defined as the present value of the future cash flow which is discounted using the discount rate. NPV = FV is the future cash flow, n is the number of years, r is the discount rate and F0 is the initial investment made. Calculating the present value of each year, we get Year Cash flow Present Value 0 -3000000 -3000000 1 700000 636363.6364 2 700000 578512.3967 3 700000 525920.3606 4 700000 478109.4188 5 -1300000 -807197.72 6 700000 395131.751 7 700000 359210.6828 8 700000 326555.1661 9 700000 296868.3329 10 900000 346988.9605 Thus NPV = sum of all the present value = 136462.99 B) Internal defined as the discount rate at which the net present value of all the future cash flow for a project becomes zero. Internal rate of return r then NPV = = 0 Thus calculating we get r = 11.06% Profitability index is defined as the ratio of the present value of all the future cash flow and the investment made initially in the project. Profitability index = Sum of the present value of all the free cash flows / Initial Investment = 1.045 C) Payback period is defined as the time period after which the investment made by the company can be recovered i.e. time after which Investment = Revenue generated. (Investopedia, 2011) In this case, the cash flow and cumulated cash flow is given below Year Cash flow Cumulated cash flow 0 -3000000 -3000000 1 700000 -2300000 2 700000 -1600000 3 700000 -900000 4 700000 -200000 5 -1300000 -1500000 6 700000 -800000 7 700000 -100000 8 700000 600000 9 700000 1300000 10 900000 2200000 The cumulated cash flow is positive in the 8th year. Thus Payback period = 7 + = 7.14 years Discounted payback period is defined as the time period after which the investment made by the company can be recovered after discounting the cash flow to present value i.e. time after which Investment = Revenue generated after discounting cash flow. The cash flow, present value and the cumulative value of the present value is given below. Year Cash flow Present Value Cumulative Value 0 -3000000 -3000000 -3000000 1 700000 636363.6 -2363636 2 700000 578512.4 -1785124 3 700000 525920.4 -1259204 4 700000 478109.4 -781094 5 -1300000 -807198 -1588292 6 700000 395131.8 -1193160 7 700000 359210.7 -833949 8 700000 326555.2 -507394 9 700000 296868.3 -210526 10 900000 346989 136463 The cumulated cash flow is positive in the 10th year. Thus Payback period = 9 + = 9.606 years. Conclusion: Thus the report helps in understanding the roles and responsibilities of a financial analyst at Antipodes Mineral Resources company. It discusses the key questions related to the job profile and the responsibilities if a financial analyst. It also discusses whether or not RWE should invest in the project. From the calculations, it was found that the rate of return is low and the payback period is high. Thus the company can look at other alternatives to invest in. References Snoeks, J. (2009). Mineral Exploration Companies - Greenfield Exploration vs. Brownfield Exploration. Retrieved from https://www.undervaluedequity.com/Mineral-Exploration-Companies-Greenfield-Exploration-vs.-Brownfield-Exploration.html Caldwell, J. (2013). Valuation in Mining. Retrieved from https://technology.infomine.com/reviews/Valuation/welcome.asp?view=full Investopedia. (2011). Payback Period. Retrieved on September 16, 2016 from https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/paybackperiod.asp Chew, A. (2012). Investing in mining related infrastructure - what investors and contractors should know. Retrieved from https://www.corrs.com.au/thinking/insights/investing-in-mining-related-infrastructure-what-investors-contractors-should-know/ Grimsley,S. (2001). What is Stakeholder Theory? - Definition Ethics. Retrieved from https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-stakeholder-theory-definition-ethics-quiz.html Investopedia. (2011). Net Present Value NPV. Retrieved from https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/npv.asp Biery, M. E. (2015). 4 Key Functions of a Chief Financial Officer. Retrieved from https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/242001