A Complete Guide to Writing a Marketing Research Paper

A Complete Guide to Writing a Marketing Research Paper A research paper in marketing is a fairly large academic work aimed to be published in a scholarly journal, magazine or other type of publication. The quality of research and findings presented in it are evaluated by peer review, which means that you have to make arrangements for potential counterarguments and objections. Research papers are one of the most widespread ways of sharing your progress with academic community – if you don’t intend to get a job in marketing but are going to continue a career of academic research you will have to learn how to write this kind of papers sooner rather than later. This marketing research paper writing guide will help you with it. What to Do Before You Start Writing: Our Experts Advise Choosing a Topic The primary purpose of a research paper as a university assignment is to evaluate the student’s ability to use relevant sources of information, think independently, analyze data, make original conclusions and prove his point of view with viable evidence. Therefore, you will mostly be given a free rein in terms of topic choice, and you should use this freedom to its fullest. Do you have personal interests in the sphere of marketing? Perhaps you’ve heard about a marketing-related event that can serve as a basis for your paper? Have you read anything beyond the basic course that can produce a positive impression on your professor? It is always worth finding a topic you are interested in or even passionate about; Once you’ve defined the general direction of your paper, try narrowing it down. For example, â€Å"Walmart’s Marketing Campaigns† is way too broad and vague. â€Å"Shopper Events: the New Approach to the Practice of Sampling† is much more focused; If you cannot invent a topic of your own, try looking through the titles of business and marketing literature in one of the online academic databases (e.g., Euromonitor International or Business Source Complete). You don’t have to limit your search to thematic databases, as marketing is closely connected to many other disciplines. For example, PsycInfo offers abstracts and citations to the scholarly literature on behavioral sciences, including an impressive collection of materials on marketing and business; Going through the literature will help you select a topic that is both sufficiently well-researched to have enough sources to draw upon and leaves you enough breathing room to do your own work. This will prevent you from repeating the research topics of the authors you’ve missed. So what kinds of topics should you be looking for? Here are a few examples: Private Labels vs. Popular Brands: How Can These Products Coexist in a Single Store? Effects of Gender on Family Buying Behavior; Factors Influencing Positive and Negative Word of Mouth Advertising in Cafà © Industry; Methods Used by Companies to Facilitate Impulse Purchases; Client reaction to Unethical Behavior on the Retailer’s Part; Deceptive Advertising and Its Effects on Customer loyalty in Electronics Industry. Doing Market Research Most marketing assignments, research papers included, deal with specific situations and case studies. To evaluate them properly you have to precede your work with market research carried out in a uniform fashion: Market survey – gather relevant statistical and unquantifiable data from a test group of consumers. These may be either random people or selected according to a certain principle; Situational analysis – you analyze the situation of the company in question: where it stands, what are its problems, what causes them and so on. Again, you have to use clearly defined tools to do so, such as PESTEL (Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Ethical and Legal) and SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threat) Analysis. These are exactly what it says on the tin: they successively evaluate the situation from these points of view to build a bigger picture; Marketing strategy – based on your findings, suggest an effective strategy based on 4 Ps (Product, Price, Promotion and Place). Formulating Your Thesis Statement A thesis statement is the gist of your research paper, its main point expressed in one or two sentences. Beginner writers often make a mistake of mixing it up with the topic or research question. There is, however, a clear distinction between them: Topic broadly delineates the field of research, e.g. â€Å"Brand awareness†; Research question is what your paper aims to address and answer, e.g., â€Å"To what extent does brand awareness influence customer loyalty?†; Thesis statement is your answer to that question, e.g., â€Å"Brand awareness plays a pivotal role in forming customer loyalty†. Thesis statement is a defining part of your research paper and should be a part of the introduction. Ideally, you should place it in the first or second paragraph, right after you attract the reader’s attention with the first several sentences. The rest of the paper should be dedicated solely to proving the point it expresses, so make sure to align the thesis statement and body paragraphs to correspond to each other. Dealing with Sources Every research paper should maintain a precarious balance between original findings and connections with existing body of research on the subject. On the one hand, you have to produce results that haven’t been presented to peer review by anybody else. On the other hand, you have to build upon works of other researchers. Information sources can be subdivided into groups based on several principles, but the most important are these: Low- and High Quality Sources Low-quality sources are those that contain unverified and unverifiable information and demonstrate signs of subjectivity and author’s agenda: mass media, Internet resources, most books, etc. You can use them, but treat them as more of a supplement than a real source of information you depend on. High-quality sources are primarily peer-reviewed articles in scholarly publications. A good indication of the source’s authority is how many times it has been cited in peer-reviewed literature so far (you can find this information in most indexing databases). However, don’t decide to use or not to use a source based on this factor alone – a recent article, even if it is very high-quality, will naturally have fewer mentions than an older one. Primary and Secondary Sources Primary sources deal directly with their subject – they are, e.g., documents, statistical data, experiment results and so on. Secondary sources research, cite on and analyze the primary ones. They are not worse than primary sources, they are simply used for a different purpose. A good research paper should contain a balanced selection of both types. Finding the necessary sources gets easier as you become acquainted with your topic, but in the beginning it can be quite problematic. Here are some good ways to organize your search: Your marketing textbook should have a bibliography section. Look through the sources cited in the chapter/chapters dealing with the subject you are writing about – it is a good place to start; Look through online databases like the aforementioned Euromonitor and Business Source Complete. Multidisciplinary resources like Google Scholar and Academic Search Complete are also quite comprehensive; Study the sections of the sources that have been most useful to you so far. Important point concerning using such sources: you should either locate them and use in their original form or introduce them with words â€Å"as cited in †¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Don’t pretend to have read the books you haven’t even seen in reality – it will be immediately obvious to anybody more or less familiar with the topic; By now, you should have an idea on who are the main authorities in your chosen field of research. Try locating their other works and see if they can be useful as well. Outline Outline is a detailed plan of your research paper. If you boil down your text to its most essential parts, this is what is going to remain. If you put enough work into an outline, you will be able to structure your thoughts and putting them on paper won’t take nearly as much time as usual. So, what you should mention in your outline? Introduction – what information does the reader need to properly understand your paper? Hook – how you are going to grasp the reader’s attention; Thesis statement – write it down in its entirety, as well as how you are going to lead up to it from the hook; Additional information, if necessary. Body paragraphs – make sure you introduce one major point per paragraph and provide logical connections between them and the main point of your paper. Don’t forget to give the reader viable evidence in support of each of these points. Conclusion here you should restate the thesis and make suggestions for further research and what can be done to alleviate or improve the marketing situation you’ve discussed. Writing Tips Give yourself plenty of time. You won’t write a good research paper in a single draft, so be ready to change entire sections, cut unnecessary parts and, in extreme cases, rewrite the entire thing from scratch. Avoid colloquial expressions and sentence structures (such as contractions). Marketing may be less academic and more down-to-earth than many other disciplines, but it doesn’t mean that you should use informal language when writing about it. Avoid passive voice unless it is absolutely necessary. Some student writers believe passive voice to be more serious and stylistically scientific, but it is a misconception. The only thing it will do for your writing is make it cumbersome, hard to understand and prone to grammar mistakes. Don’t use first person. A marketing paper should be fully objective, and first person is only used when talking about personal experiences. Even if you describe your own work, experiments and interviews, try to make it sound impersonal to avoid being accused of subjectivity. Avoid overly emotional and unfair evaluations. When writing about marketing you will often describe situations in which people made suboptimal decisions that led to huge losses. Treat people and companies that made them fairly – for some reason, they considered this approach right in their situation given the information they had at the time and didn’t have the benefit of hindsight. Vary the length of your sentences. It is often suggested that sentences in academic papers should be about 25 to 30 words long, but don’t try to bring every sentence to common denominator. Intersperse longer and shorter ones to make your text look more alive. Post-Writing Tips Experienced writers know after a paper is finished, there is still a lot of work to be done, and its success depends on this work just as much as on writing per se. There are two stages you should take care of: checking your paper’s formatting and revising it. Bringing the Paper in Compliance with Formatting Requirements Marketing courses use both MLA and APA styles, although APA is a little bit more common. This doesn’t mean that you can use whichever you like – the choice falls to your professor, so make sure to ask them about it. All the information about formatting can be found in official style guides or one of many online resources dedicated to helping students with them. There are too many rules and specific situations they deal with, so it is impossible to give any specific recommendations here. When in doubt, consult a respective style guide, if still in doubt, ask your professor. Revision There are many tricks that make up for an effective revision, but the most useful one is probably to prepare a checklist to go through when you reach this stage. Reread your paper asking yourself the following questions: Do all structure elements perform their functions? Are paper parts interconnected logically? Does every paragraph cover a single point only? Have you missed anything when summing things up in conclusion? Do you use words that are too complex to make your paper more scientific? If you were somebody else, would you understand everything you are trying to say the first time you read the paper? Cut all unnecessary words. The rule of a thumb is that if you can understand the point without a word (sentence, group of sentences, paragraph), it should be removed. Using these marketing research paper writing tips won’t turn you into a professional marketing writer overnight, but they certainly will help you get into the spirit of the thing.

ANALISIS KUALITAS PELAYANAN, PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP IMAGE essays

ANALISIS KUALITAS PELAYANAN, PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP IMAGE essays ANALISIS KUALITAS PELAYANAN, PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP IMAGE (Studi Pada Penderita Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit) The study was undertaken with the rationale that service quality is an important aspect for organization leaders to consider, especially for service oriented organizations to satisfy their customer. Satisfying the customers provides the organization with a good corporate image. A good corporate image serves as an effective strategy in winning the competition with other businesses of the same type. Leading companies who wish to keep their status should always keep service quality mind. It has to be an absolute concern as the organization does not only have to face the competitors but also the customers who continuously change, vary, and are aware of their needs. Therefore, continuous enhancement of service quality has to be provided. This study is aimed at 1) determining the service quality level of public hospital, form the patient perspective; 2) determining influence of service quality on corporate image. Service quality is measured in five dimensions know as servqual technique. The five dimensions serve as tangibility (x1), reliability (x2), responsiveness (x3), assurance (x4), empathy (x5). The research was conducted at the regional public hospital, with the VIP, first class, and second class patients as the analysis units. Sampling was done by stratified random sampling technique obtain respondents. Gap analysis was used by comparing performance and expectation, while regression analysis was used by the intervariable relationship of the hypothesis. As many as 18 items were used as main instrument of the questionnaire which was distinguished into five quality variables used to collect the data, both through interview and questionnaires to be filled out by respondents. Verification of research instruments showed high reliability and validity. The result of this study showed that gap analysis technique used coul...

Creating imaginary character Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Creating imaginary character - Research Paper Example The – comparatively – little land that we had was beautiful, all green and rolling hills with the scent of flowers wafting through the breeze. I, being his daughter, was not as well prepared to run such a large household that I do now even though my mother had given me as many helpful tips as possible as she had trained me to be the perfect lady of the manor. But as they say, with time you experience and, eventually, learn everything, and, indeed, I did do just that. It would be unforgivable and unchristian of me to say this but happily, both – my husband’s mother as well as father – had passed away when the Earl had been only twenty eight years old, he married me two years when he had just turned thirty. The former had died of problems of the lung. She had already been of weak health but because of the rise of industries and with it the smoke and the waste being dumped in the Thames, the air of London was affected. Seeing as she did not love the co untry and preferred to stay in the city, her lungs got damaged beyond repair due to the ever increasing pollution and it was only time before she died (Ross, 2008, p. 37). On the other hand, my father-in-law had had a quite a serious problem of gout. He drank too much due to certain problems which the Earl never spoke of and that led to his early death. He was a good friend of the Prince Regent, son of the current ruler King George III, and together, it was rumored, they had quite expensive habits and ways of entertainment despite the upheavals happening around the world, particularly in France. Our own brave men were fighting against Napolean’s army but the Regent had no interest in politics and/or military of the country that he was to officially rule in the future (Chancellor, 2007, p. 8). He did, however, order some great architecture like the Pavilion to be built and funded the making of many works of art (Grenville, 1856, pp. 408 - 409). My life before my marriage was s imple though it did not seem to be so to me then. Living with two brothers – both of them who were older than me – confirmed my belief that I had the worst siblings in the country. Other than the silly pranks that they played on me such as sneaking in to my room and hiding frogs under my bed covers, they – my eldest brother in particular – were also given more attention to by both of my parents. This, I learned as I grew older and became more aware of the world and how it ran, was because he was going to inherit the estate after my father passed away, thus, there were more things that he was to be taught. My younger brother was considered the â€Å"spare† which I only recently realized meant that by the off chance that my older brother met an early demise – due to a broken neck by falling off a horse or dying of some disease which the physician would not be able to cure him off – he would be the one taking over, be the heir. The estat e was entailed so only the males could inherit it and no chance was to be taken that a second cousin would take over what did not rightfully belong to them. My brothers had tutors at home whom they did their best to try to make them resign by being as mischievous as they possibly could until they were sent to Eton for further schooling. Over there they were taught literature and languages of the ancient

Foundations of Tort Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Foundations of Tort - Essay Example There are also intentional torts where the person being accused harmed the other with the full knowledge of what harm they are causing, for instance defamation and finally there is strict liability tort which covers injuries people suffer from using products, for instance if a person is burnt with hot coffee from a company that did not provide this information, by writing, to the consumers (Butler 2000 162). Torts usually result in compensation of the accusers, rather than the accused facing a jail term or other punitive measures similar to those in criminal offences. Therefore torts are civil suits brought against other people. The plaintiff in a tort has to prove three things in order to be compensated. First, they have to prove that those standing accused have a moral and legal obligation to act in a particular way. Secondly, the plaintiff has to [prove that the accused did not fulfill their obligation. Finally, she or he has to prove that she or he suffered an actual loss because of the accused not fulfilling their duties. Only after these have been established does the plaintiff get punitive or compensatory damages. Torts usually arise from common law principles coupled with legal enactments. The tort rules on compensation in Australia, especially those arising from accidents have been seen as being outdated, therefore inefficient in the way in which they work. In addition, if the party being sued is a government or public entity, there are several possibilities that people could exploit loopholes to get huge and undeserving compensation for mistakes of their own doing. Parties such as local governments in cities and counties could be sued for negligence by their residents should the latter feel that they have suffered a loss, physical harm or otherwise because the local government did not play its part in some sector or service provision, hence the loss suffered. Australia does not have a general system of compensation for victims, except in some very spe cific cases, for instance in traffic accidents. Thus, there is no cap on the amount of money that should be paid out to victims, leading to huge losses in cases of other forms of ‘negligence’ by the authorities. However, due to the increase in law suits against authorities in Australia, there was a necessity to start reforming laws on lawsuits against authorities. This led to the Injury Prevention, Rehabilitation & Compensation Act 2001. However, the laws under this act are still taking a while to be implemented (Muirhead & Hocking 2001, p. 111). The primary focus of the Australian tort law reform focuses more on insurance premiums as opposed to the how deep taxpayers have to dig in their pockets to pay for the numerous lawsuits filed against the authorities. It is becoming a source of concern for many citizens as to the source of money used to compensate victims who think they have been wronged by the negligence of the authorities. A higher dependency on insurance prem iums rather than public coffers has seen insurance premiums skyrocket to unbelievable rates. This dependence has been brought about by the authorities using money in the public coffers as a last resort measure to compensate victims of the authorities’ negligence, leaving a bulk of the money going to compensate on the shoulders of insurers. Application of such overreliance on insurers in other sectors where the government was the underwriter, for instance in the provision of medical and health care, has led to the insolvency of some big insurance companies and the withdrawal of others, because of the unprofitability of such undertakings. The result is that, at the end of the day, it is the taxpayers of a country who end up

Thomas Edisons reputation Essay Example for Free

Thomas Edisons reputation Essay Thomas Alva Edison is a scientist that was born on February 1 lth 1874 in Ohio. His family had to move to The United States of America after the involvement of his father in many political matters. Thomas Edison lost a part of his hearing when he had a fever at the age of 1 year old as many articles indicate. They say that it was a very bad fever at that time. Some articles indicate that he lost a part of his hearing when a man pulled him by the ear to get him to a moving train. Another story and a very popular one is that there was a small explosion which led him to lose his earing. Despite all of that he was a great scientist with great creations and inventions. He was very hard working and very ambitious as the history shows us. He was so creative and innovative that he invented a new telegraphic device by the age of approximately 21 years old and that is a very young age to create in. Also, he was working by the age of 12 years old during the civil war in The United States of America. He was distributing newspaper. He also built a small chemical laboratory at the corner of his house garage. He was so dedicated to build his own reputation that e established his own newspaper and made two stores by the age of approximately 16 years old. The strangest point about those stores would be the idea of employing young men similar to his age at that time. Moreover, he was a businessman. He started his own factory when he was about 23 years old after selling some of his creations to the company he worked for. A year after that, he got married to a 16 years old girl that was working there. He invented so many inventions when he was 25 years old. He continued inventing so many things until he reached to his great invention which was the light bulb. He had the idea to lighten whole New York City when he was 35 years old. He suffered a bad emotional tragedy as a result of losing his wife. Two years after that, he got married again. Then he kept on working on his inventions and providing the world by what he thought good creations. From all of that we really can see and estimate that Thomas Edison was indeed a very fascinating man. He was very hard working and very ambitious. He was also a very good businessman who had a growing number of companies in several majors. He established a manufacturing company to manufacture electrical devices for him as a art of his plan to lighten all New York City at night time. He did succeed in a certain level but he could not accomplish everything he wanted. Despite all the wealth he made when he was young or before 40 years old, Edison was nothing but a very hard and dedicated person. When he was 81 years old he was awarded the congressional gold medal for all the creation the he had made. Thomas Edison the great scientist passed away on October 18th , 1931. In 22nd of January 2012, there was an article published in the internet written and revised by Ron Kurtus. It was a very useful rticle. The writer divided Edisons life into historical parts. Each and every part showed few of Edisons reputations and the events that led to those reputations. He started from the very first year of Edisons life pointing all the main events and the best creations and inventions. Also, the events during the civil war of The United States of America were mentioned in that article and thats a very good thing. The reason being is that it points out that Thomas Edison was a creative genius even under awtul circumstances such as wars. However, that article nad tew weak points hat are worth mentioning. One of them is the article discusses Edisons life from the date he was born until the age of 40 years old and thats kind of a weakness. Edison had a variety of events after the age of 40 years old. Actually, he was extra famous after the age of 40 years old. Moreover, the writer did not focus at the greatest invention of Edison and that is the light bulb. He Just went through it as it was an easy thing or a normal invention but in fact it changed the world to a better and a brighter world. After few months of this article the writer decided to write another rticle discussing the age of Edison starting from 40 years old until the end of his life. One other weakness to that article is using only one single book as a reference which in this case we need more than one. Another study was published on March 1 lth 2007 by Randall Stross in New York Times newspaper. That article was different from the previous one as it discussed Edisons life from a different perspective. The writer divided Edisons life regarding his creations and inventions not by history or event. The main focus of that article was to point out some of Edisons characteristics and nventions. Therefore, the writer did not discuss much of life event of Edison. Also, the writer aimed to point out Edisons famous reputation and explain few reasons leading to them. That particular article was very impressive. However, the article was corrected approximately twice and that shows that there were mistakes. Also, the writer did not point out the resources or references that were used in that article. Even though the article was very rich in meaning and phrases but still there were no references to asset those meanings. One more very important thing is that the writer oncentrated on the electricity and the electrical inventions more than any other creations of Edison and I could not find a reason for that. Perhaps the reason to that is huge role that the electricity plays in our lives but I still think that it is not fair at all to concentrate on one work and abandon the others. Other than that, the article was really helpful and very clear. The writer had a very clear vision about the scientist, it seems. Last but not least, the greatest book in my opinion about Edison which descried him in a very clear way, Thomas Alva Edison: Sixty Years of an Inventors Life y: Thomas Crowell. This book had everything about Edisons life. The writer discussed so many details regarding Thomas Edisons life. Furthermore, he mentioned so many characteristics about Edisons personality. Also, the book is really great in explaining several steps that were taken by Edison to achieve some of his goals and his inventions. The book covered many points of Thomas Edisons childhood and how he was a hard worker since he was a kid. In addition to that, the book broke down Edisons life into so many pieces with respect of clear words to roduce a clear image in every creation and invention. The book was also great in mentioning the names of Thomass family mates, such as his father, his mother and some of his relatives. Furthermore, the story of his first marriage was included as well in the book which gave it a better value and made the reader likes it more. The writer also put a good time and effort into explaining the business side of Edisons wife and how that affected his personality and helped him developing his reputation and fame. That book was really great by all meanings and it is very clear that the writer ut a lot of effort into that book to make the way it is. Finally, Thomas Edison was one of the greatest people in history. He did his best trying to improve the world. His reputation was growing up day by day due to the nard work ne was putting in himself. It is clear now that Thomas Edison is an unforgotten scientist. From all the above we can conclude that Thomas Edison overcame all the problems that were there in his time. He did not let the civil war in The United States of America stop him from achieving what he wants.

Hamlet †the Wise Polonius :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

Hamlet – the Wise Polonius      Ã‚   The older gent in Shakespeare’s tragedy Hamlet, namely Polonius, is no type character. Rather he is quite rounded and complex. This essay will explore his character.    In the Introduction to Twentieth Century Interpretations of Hamlet, David Bevington presents Polonius as similar to Hamlet in various ways:    Polonius, his [Hamlet’s] seeming opposite in so many ways, is, like Hamlet, an inveterate punster. To whom else but Polonius should Hamlet direct the taunt of â€Å"Words, words, words†? The aged counselor recalls that in his youth he â€Å"suffered much extremity for love, very near this,† and he has been an actor at the university. Polonius too has advice for the players: â€Å"Seneca cannot be too heavy, nor Plautus too light.† When Hamlet jibes at â€Å"so capital a calf† enacting Julius Caesar, killed in the Capitol, he reinforces the parallel to his own playacting and anticipates the slaying of Polonius behind the arras. (4)    In â€Å"Shakespeare’s Nomenclature† Harry Levin discusses the name â€Å"Polonius’ and other names from the play:    The Latinism Polonius reminds us of the Polish question, moot throughout Hamlet, where the onomastics are polyglot. If Marcellus and Claudius are Latin, Bernardo and Horatio are Italian, and Fortinbras signifies â€Å"strong arm† not in Norwegian but French (fort-en-bras). On the other hand, the son of Polonius has a Greek godfather in Laertes, the father of Odysseus. The Scandinavian names, at least the Germanic Gertrude, stand out because they are in the minority. (79)    What’s in a name like Polonius? Polonius’ entry into the play occurs at the social get-together of the royal court. Claudius has already been crowned; Queen Gertrude is there; Hamlet is present in the black clothes of mourning. When Laertes approaches Claudius to give his farewell before returning to school, the king asks Polonius: â€Å"Have you your father's leave? What says Polonius?† And the father dutifully answers:    He hath, my lord, wrung from me my slow leave   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   By laboursome petition, and at last   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Upon his will I seal'd my hard consent:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I do beseech you, give him leave to go. (1.2)    So right at the outset the reader/viewer respects the lord chamberlain as a very fluent spokesman of the language, and respectful of his superior, the king. Later, in Polonius’ house, Laertes is taking leave of his sister, Ophelia, and, in the process, giving her conservative advice regarding her boyfriend, Hamlet. Hamlet – the Wise Polonius :: GCSE English Literature Coursework Hamlet – the Wise Polonius      Ã‚   The older gent in Shakespeare’s tragedy Hamlet, namely Polonius, is no type character. Rather he is quite rounded and complex. This essay will explore his character.    In the Introduction to Twentieth Century Interpretations of Hamlet, David Bevington presents Polonius as similar to Hamlet in various ways:    Polonius, his [Hamlet’s] seeming opposite in so many ways, is, like Hamlet, an inveterate punster. To whom else but Polonius should Hamlet direct the taunt of â€Å"Words, words, words†? The aged counselor recalls that in his youth he â€Å"suffered much extremity for love, very near this,† and he has been an actor at the university. Polonius too has advice for the players: â€Å"Seneca cannot be too heavy, nor Plautus too light.† When Hamlet jibes at â€Å"so capital a calf† enacting Julius Caesar, killed in the Capitol, he reinforces the parallel to his own playacting and anticipates the slaying of Polonius behind the arras. (4)    In â€Å"Shakespeare’s Nomenclature† Harry Levin discusses the name â€Å"Polonius’ and other names from the play:    The Latinism Polonius reminds us of the Polish question, moot throughout Hamlet, where the onomastics are polyglot. If Marcellus and Claudius are Latin, Bernardo and Horatio are Italian, and Fortinbras signifies â€Å"strong arm† not in Norwegian but French (fort-en-bras). On the other hand, the son of Polonius has a Greek godfather in Laertes, the father of Odysseus. The Scandinavian names, at least the Germanic Gertrude, stand out because they are in the minority. (79)    What’s in a name like Polonius? Polonius’ entry into the play occurs at the social get-together of the royal court. Claudius has already been crowned; Queen Gertrude is there; Hamlet is present in the black clothes of mourning. When Laertes approaches Claudius to give his farewell before returning to school, the king asks Polonius: â€Å"Have you your father's leave? What says Polonius?† And the father dutifully answers:    He hath, my lord, wrung from me my slow leave   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   By laboursome petition, and at last   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Upon his will I seal'd my hard consent:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I do beseech you, give him leave to go. (1.2)    So right at the outset the reader/viewer respects the lord chamberlain as a very fluent spokesman of the language, and respectful of his superior, the king. Later, in Polonius’ house, Laertes is taking leave of his sister, Ophelia, and, in the process, giving her conservative advice regarding her boyfriend, Hamlet.

Programming Language and Real Declare

Identify a task you perform regularly, such as cooking, mowing the lawn, or driving a car. I used driving a car as the example in this checkpoint. Write a short, structured design (pseudocode only) that accomplishes this task. Declare CarDoor as Real Declare Car as Real Declare BrakePedal as Real Declare Reverse as Real Declare SteeringWheel as Real Declare Drive as Real Open CarDoor Sit in Car Close CarDoor Press BrakePedal Start Car Put Car in Reverse Release BrakePedal Turn SteeringWheel Press BrakePedal Put Car in DriveRelease BrakePedal Accelerate Car Straighten SteeringWheel End Program Think about this task in an object-oriented way, and identify the objects involved in the task. The car is an object involved in the task. Properties include: made of metal, plastic, and rubber, has four tires, has a front and back windshield, has driver and passenger windows, has a steering wheel, a shifter, headlights, taillights, an engine, a transmission and a gas tank. Functions include: tr ansports the user to their desired destination.Works on: the road. The car door is an object involved in the task. Properties include: made of metal, has a handle and a lock, encases a window. Functions include: secures passenger into vehicle, housing for window, and mirror attaches to it. Works on: a vehicle. Identify how you can encapsulate the data and processes you identified into an object-oriented design. Class CarOperation Declare Car as Real Declare CarEntry as Real Declare CarDriver as Real Subprogram EnterCar Set EnterCar = Open CarDoorSit in Car Close CarDoor End Subprogram Subprogram DriveCar Set DriveCar = Start Car Put Car in Reverse Release BrakePedal Turn SteeringWheel Press BrakePedal Put Car in Drive Release BrakePedal Accelerate Car Straighten SteeringWheel End Subprogram Function EnterCar() as Real Set EnterCar = CarEntry End Function Function DriveCar() as Real Set DriveCar = CarDriver End Function End Class Describe the architectural differences between the obj ect-oriented and structured designs.Which of the designs makes more sense to you? Why? A programmer using the top-down, modular approach to program design begins by determining fundamental tasks. An object-oriented programmer, on the other hand, determines the fundamental objects associated with a problem. Structured designs make more sense to me because that’s what we have been working with over the past 7 weeks. However, I do see the major advantages of object-oriented programming and wish that we had been able to study it more.Right now I am still a rookie at computer programming and do not mind determining the fundamental tasks of programs, it helps me better understand things; but programmers at advanced levels wouldn’t want to have to break down every fundamental task of each program they write. Over time, and with more teaching, I will become more accustom to object-oriented programming. Once this occurs, I’m sure that I will change the answer to this res ponse. I’m sure over time and experience, object-oriented programming will make more sense to me.